app-layer-template.c

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/* Copyright (C) 2015-2020 Open Information Security Foundation
 *
 * You can copy, redistribute or modify this Program under the terms of
 * the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the Free
 * Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
 * 02110-1301, USA.
 */
 
/*
 * TODO: Update \author in this file and app-layer-template.h.
 * TODO: Implement your app-layer logic with unit tests.
 * TODO: Remove SCLogNotice statements or convert to debug.
 */
 
/**
 * \file
 *
 * \author FirstName LastName <yourname@domain>
 *
 * Template application layer detector and parser for learning and
 * template purposes.
 *
 * This template implements a simple application layer for something
 * like the echo protocol running on port 7.
 */
 
#include "suricata-common.h"
#include "suricata.h"
#include "stream.h"
#include "conf.h"
#include "app-layer.h"
#include "app-layer-detect-proto.h"
#include "app-layer-parser.h"
#include "app-layer-template.h"
 
#include "util-unittest.h"
#include "util-validate.h"
#include "util-enum.h"
 
/* The default port to probe for echo traffic if not provided in the
 * configuration file. */
#define TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_PORT "7"
 
/* The minimum size for a message. For some protocols this might
 * be the size of a header. */
#define TEMPLATE_MIN_FRAME_LEN 1
 
/* Enum of app-layer events for the protocol. Normally you might
 * have events for errors in parsing data, like unexpected data being
 * received. For template we'll make something up, and log an app-layer
 * level alert if an empty message is received.
 *
 * Example rule:
 *
 * alert template any any -> any any (msg:"SURICATA Template empty message"; \
 *    app-layer-event:template.empty_message; sid:X; rev:Y;)
 */
enum {
    TEMPLATE_DECODER_EVENT_EMPTY_MESSAGE,
};
 
SCEnumCharMap template_decoder_event_table[] = {
    {"EMPTY_MESSAGE", TEMPLATE_DECODER_EVENT_EMPTY_MESSAGE},
 
    // event table must be NULL-terminated
    { NULL, -1 },
};
 
static TemplateTransaction *TemplateTxAlloc(TemplateState *state)
{
    TemplateTransaction *tx = SCCalloc(1, sizeof(TemplateTransaction));
    if (unlikely(tx == NULL)) {
        return NULL;
    }
 
    /* Increment the transaction ID on the state each time one is
     * allocated. */
    tx->tx_id = state->transaction_max++;
 
    TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&state->tx_list, tx, next);
 
    return tx;
}
 
static void TemplateTxFree(void *txv)
{
    TemplateTransaction *tx = txv;
 
    if (tx->request_buffer != NULL) {
        SCFree(tx->request_buffer);
    }
 
    if (tx->response_buffer != NULL) {
        SCFree(tx->response_buffer);
    }
 
    AppLayerDecoderEventsFreeEvents(&tx->tx_data.events);
 
    SCFree(tx);
}
 
static void *TemplateStateAlloc(void *orig_state, AppProto proto_orig)
{
    SCLogNotice("Allocating template state.");
    TemplateState *state = SCCalloc(1, sizeof(TemplateState));
    if (unlikely(state == NULL)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    TAILQ_INIT(&state->tx_list);
    return state;
}
 
static void TemplateStateFree(void *state)
{
    TemplateState *template_state = state;
    TemplateTransaction *tx;
    SCLogNotice("Freeing template state.");
    while ((tx = TAILQ_FIRST(&template_state->tx_list)) != NULL) {
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&template_state->tx_list, tx, next);
        TemplateTxFree(tx);
    }
    SCFree(template_state);
}
 
/**
 * \brief Callback from the application layer to have a transaction freed.
 *
 * \param state a void pointer to the TemplateState object.
 * \param tx_id the transaction ID to free.
 */
static void TemplateStateTxFree(void *statev, uint64_t tx_id)
{
    TemplateState *state = statev;
    TemplateTransaction *tx = NULL, *ttx;
 
    SCLogNotice("Freeing transaction %"PRIu64, tx_id);
 
    TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(tx, &state->tx_list, next, ttx) {
 
        /* Continue if this is not the transaction we are looking
         * for. */
        if (tx->tx_id != tx_id) {
            continue;
        }
 
        /* Remove and free the transaction. */
        TAILQ_REMOVE(&state->tx_list, tx, next);
        TemplateTxFree(tx);
        return;
    }
 
    SCLogNotice("Transaction %"PRIu64" not found.", tx_id);
}
 
static int TemplateStateGetEventInfo(const char *event_name, int *event_id,
    AppLayerEventType *event_type)
{
    *event_id = SCMapEnumNameToValue(event_name, template_decoder_event_table);
    if (*event_id == -1) {
        SCLogError(SC_ERR_INVALID_ENUM_MAP, "event \"%s\" not present in "
                   "template enum map table.",  event_name);
        /* This should be treated as fatal. */
        return -1;
    }
 
    *event_type = APP_LAYER_EVENT_TYPE_TRANSACTION;
 
    return 0;
}
 
static int TemplateStateGetEventInfoById(int event_id, const char **event_name,
                                         AppLayerEventType *event_type)
{
    *event_name = SCMapEnumValueToName(event_id, template_decoder_event_table);
    if (*event_name == NULL) {
        SCLogError(SC_ERR_INVALID_ENUM_MAP, "event \"%d\" not present in "
                   "template enum map table.",  event_id);
        /* This should be treated as fatal. */
        return -1;
    }
 
    *event_type = APP_LAYER_EVENT_TYPE_TRANSACTION;
 
    return 0;
}
 
/**
 * \brief Probe the input to server to see if it looks like template.
 *
 * \retval ALPROTO_TEMPLATE if it looks like template,
 *     ALPROTO_FAILED, if it is clearly not ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
 *     otherwise ALPROTO_UNKNOWN.
 */
static AppProto TemplateProbingParserTs(Flow *f, uint8_t direction,
        const uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len, uint8_t *rdir)
{
    /* Very simple test - if there is input, this is template. */
    if (input_len >= TEMPLATE_MIN_FRAME_LEN) {
        SCLogNotice("Detected as ALPROTO_TEMPLATE.");
        return ALPROTO_TEMPLATE;
    }
 
    SCLogNotice("Protocol not detected as ALPROTO_TEMPLATE.");
    return ALPROTO_UNKNOWN;
}
 
/**
 * \brief Probe the input to client to see if it looks like template.
 *     TemplateProbingParserTs can be used instead if the protocol
 *     is symmetric.
 *
 * \retval ALPROTO_TEMPLATE if it looks like template,
 *     ALPROTO_FAILED, if it is clearly not ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
 *     otherwise ALPROTO_UNKNOWN.
 */
static AppProto TemplateProbingParserTc(Flow *f, uint8_t direction,
        const uint8_t *input, uint32_t input_len, uint8_t *rdir)
{
    /* Very simple test - if there is input, this is template. */
    if (input_len >= TEMPLATE_MIN_FRAME_LEN) {
        SCLogNotice("Detected as ALPROTO_TEMPLATE.");
        return ALPROTO_TEMPLATE;
    }
 
    SCLogNotice("Protocol not detected as ALPROTO_TEMPLATE.");
    return ALPROTO_UNKNOWN;
}
 
static AppLayerResult TemplateParseRequest(Flow *f, void *statev, AppLayerParserState *pstate,
        StreamSlice stream_slice, void *local_data)
{
    TemplateState *state = statev;
    const uint8_t *input = StreamSliceGetData(&stream_slice);
    uint32_t input_len = StreamSliceGetDataLen(&stream_slice);
    const uint8_t flags = StreamSliceGetFlags(&stream_slice);
 
    SCLogNotice("Parsing template request: len=%"PRIu32, input_len);
 
    if (input == NULL) {
        if (AppLayerParserStateIssetFlag(pstate, APP_LAYER_PARSER_EOF_TS)) {
            /* This is a signal that the stream is done. Do any
             * cleanup if needed. Usually nothing is required here. */
            SCReturnStruct(APP_LAYER_OK);
        } else if (flags & STREAM_GAP) {
            /* This is a signal that there has been a gap in the
             * stream. This only needs to be handled if gaps were
             * enabled during protocol registration. The input_len
             * contains the size of the gap. */
            SCReturnStruct(APP_LAYER_OK);
        }
        /* This should not happen. If input is NULL, one of the above should be
         * true. */
        DEBUG_VALIDATE_BUG_ON(true);
        SCReturnStruct(APP_LAYER_ERROR);
    }
 
    /* Normally you would parse out data here and store it in the
     * transaction object, but as this is echo, we'll just record the
     * request data. */
 
    /* Also, if this protocol may have a "protocol data unit" span
     * multiple chunks of data, which is always a possibility with
     * TCP, you may need to do some buffering here.
     *
     * For the sake of simplicity, buffering is left out here, but
     * even for an echo protocol we may want to buffer until a new
     * line is seen, assuming its text based.
     */
 
    /* Allocate a transaction.
     *
     * But note that if a "protocol data unit" is not received in one
     * chunk of data, and the buffering is done on the transaction, we
     * may need to look for the transaction that this newly received
     * data belongs to.
     */
    TemplateTransaction *tx = TemplateTxAlloc(state);
    if (unlikely(tx == NULL)) {
        SCLogNotice("Failed to allocate new Template tx.");
        goto end;
    }
    SCLogNotice("Allocated Template tx %"PRIu64".", tx->tx_id);
 
    /* Make a copy of the request. */
    tx->request_buffer = SCCalloc(1, input_len);
    if (unlikely(tx->request_buffer == NULL)) {
        goto end;
    }
    memcpy(tx->request_buffer, input, input_len);
    tx->request_buffer_len = input_len;
 
    /* Here we check for an empty message and create an app-layer
     * event. */
    if ((input_len == 1 && tx->request_buffer[0] == '\n') ||
        (input_len == 2 && tx->request_buffer[0] == '\r')) {
        SCLogNotice("Creating event for empty message.");
        AppLayerDecoderEventsSetEventRaw(&tx->tx_data.events, TEMPLATE_DECODER_EVENT_EMPTY_MESSAGE);
    }
 
end:
    SCReturnStruct(APP_LAYER_OK);
}
 
static AppLayerResult TemplateParseResponse(Flow *f, void *statev, AppLayerParserState *pstate,
        StreamSlice stream_slice, void *local_data)
{
    TemplateState *state = statev;
    TemplateTransaction *tx = NULL, *ttx;
    const uint8_t *input = StreamSliceGetData(&stream_slice);
    uint32_t input_len = StreamSliceGetDataLen(&stream_slice);
 
    SCLogNotice("Parsing Template response.");
 
    /* Likely connection closed, we can just return here. */
    if ((input == NULL || input_len == 0) &&
        AppLayerParserStateIssetFlag(pstate, APP_LAYER_PARSER_EOF_TC)) {
        SCReturnStruct(APP_LAYER_OK);
    }
 
    /* Probably don't want to create a transaction in this case
     * either. */
    if (input == NULL || input_len == 0) {
        SCReturnStruct(APP_LAYER_OK);
    }
 
    /* Look up the existing transaction for this response. In the case
     * of echo, it will be the most recent transaction on the
     * TemplateState object. */
 
    /* We should just grab the last transaction, but this is to
     * illustrate how you might traverse the transaction list to find
     * the transaction associated with this response. */
    TAILQ_FOREACH(ttx, &state->tx_list, next) {
        tx = ttx;
    }
 
    if (tx == NULL) {
        SCLogNotice("Failed to find transaction for response on state %p.",
            state);
        goto end;
    }
 
    SCLogNotice("Found transaction %"PRIu64" for response on state %p.",
        tx->tx_id, state);
 
    /* If the protocol requires multiple chunks of data to complete, you may
     * run into the case where you have existing response data.
     *
     * In this case, we just log that there is existing data and free it. But
     * you might want to realloc the buffer and append the data.
     */
    if (tx->response_buffer != NULL) {
        SCLogNotice("WARNING: Transaction already has response data, "
            "existing data will be overwritten.");
        SCFree(tx->response_buffer);
    }
 
    /* Make a copy of the response. */
    tx->response_buffer = SCCalloc(1, input_len);
    if (unlikely(tx->response_buffer == NULL)) {
        goto end;
    }
    memcpy(tx->response_buffer, input, input_len);
    tx->response_buffer_len = input_len;
 
    /* Set the response_done flag for transaction state checking in
     * TemplateGetStateProgress(). */
    tx->response_done = 1;
 
end:
    SCReturnStruct(APP_LAYER_OK);
}
 
static uint64_t TemplateGetTxCnt(void *statev)
{
    const TemplateState *state = statev;
    SCLogNotice("Current tx count is %"PRIu64".", state->transaction_max);
    return state->transaction_max;
}
 
static void *TemplateGetTx(void *statev, uint64_t tx_id)
{
    TemplateState *state = statev;
    TemplateTransaction *tx;
 
    SCLogDebug("Requested tx ID %" PRIu64 ".", tx_id);
 
    TAILQ_FOREACH(tx, &state->tx_list, next) {
        if (tx->tx_id == tx_id) {
            SCLogDebug("Transaction %" PRIu64 " found, returning tx object %p.", tx_id, tx);
            return tx;
        }
    }
 
    SCLogDebug("Transaction ID %" PRIu64 " not found.", tx_id);
    return NULL;
}
 
/**
 * \brief Return the state of a transaction in a given direction.
 *
 * In the case of the echo protocol, the existence of a transaction
 * means that the request is done. However, some protocols that may
 * need multiple chunks of data to complete the request may need more
 * than just the existence of a transaction for the request to be
 * considered complete.
 *
 * For the response to be considered done, the response for a request
 * needs to be seen. The response_done flag is set on response for
 * checking here.
 */
static int TemplateGetStateProgress(void *txv, uint8_t direction)
{
    TemplateTransaction *tx = txv;
 
    SCLogNotice("Transaction progress requested for tx ID %"PRIu64
        ", direction=0x%02x", tx->tx_id, direction);
 
    if (direction & STREAM_TOCLIENT && tx->response_done) {
        return 1;
    }
    else if (direction & STREAM_TOSERVER) {
        /* For the template, just the existence of the transaction means the
         * request is done. */
        return 1;
    }
 
    return 0;
}
 
/**
 * \brief retrieve the tx data used for logging, config, detection
 */
static AppLayerTxData *TemplateGetTxData(void *vtx)
{
    TemplateTransaction *tx = vtx;
    return &tx->tx_data;
}
 
void RegisterTemplateParsers(void)
{
    const char *proto_name = "template";
 
    /* Check if Template TCP detection is enabled. If it does not exist in
     * the configuration file then it will be disabled by default. */
    if (AppLayerProtoDetectConfProtoDetectionEnabledDefault("tcp", proto_name, false)) {
 
        SCLogDebug("Template TCP protocol detection enabled.");
 
        AppLayerProtoDetectRegisterProtocol(ALPROTO_TEMPLATE, proto_name);
 
        if (RunmodeIsUnittests()) {
 
            SCLogNotice("Unittest mode, registering default configuration.");
            AppLayerProtoDetectPPRegister(IPPROTO_TCP, TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_PORT,
                ALPROTO_TEMPLATE, 0, TEMPLATE_MIN_FRAME_LEN, STREAM_TOSERVER,
                TemplateProbingParserTs, TemplateProbingParserTc);
 
        }
        else {
 
            if (!AppLayerProtoDetectPPParseConfPorts("tcp", IPPROTO_TCP,
                    proto_name, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE, 0, TEMPLATE_MIN_FRAME_LEN,
                    TemplateProbingParserTs, TemplateProbingParserTc)) {
                SCLogDebug("No template app-layer configuration, enabling echo"
                           " detection TCP detection on port %s.",
                        TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_PORT);
                AppLayerProtoDetectPPRegister(IPPROTO_TCP,
                    TEMPLATE_DEFAULT_PORT, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE, 0,
                    TEMPLATE_MIN_FRAME_LEN, STREAM_TOSERVER,
                    TemplateProbingParserTs, TemplateProbingParserTc);
            }
 
        }
 
    }
 
    else {
        SCLogDebug("Protocol detector and parser disabled for Template.");
        return;
    }
 
    if (AppLayerParserConfParserEnabled("tcp", proto_name)) {
 
        SCLogNotice("Registering Template protocol parser.");
 
        /* Register functions for state allocation and freeing. A
         * state is allocated for every new Template flow. */
        AppLayerParserRegisterStateFuncs(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            TemplateStateAlloc, TemplateStateFree);
 
        /* Register request parser for parsing frame from server to client. */
        AppLayerParserRegisterParser(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            STREAM_TOSERVER, TemplateParseRequest);
 
        /* Register response parser for parsing frames from server to client. */
        AppLayerParserRegisterParser(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            STREAM_TOCLIENT, TemplateParseResponse);
 
        /* Register a function to be called by the application layer
         * when a transaction is to be freed. */
        AppLayerParserRegisterTxFreeFunc(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            TemplateStateTxFree);
 
        /* Register a function to return the current transaction count. */
        AppLayerParserRegisterGetTxCnt(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            TemplateGetTxCnt);
 
        /* Transaction handling. */
        AppLayerParserRegisterStateProgressCompletionStatus(ALPROTO_TEMPLATE, 1, 1);
        AppLayerParserRegisterGetStateProgressFunc(IPPROTO_TCP,
            ALPROTO_TEMPLATE, TemplateGetStateProgress);
        AppLayerParserRegisterGetTx(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            TemplateGetTx);
        AppLayerParserRegisterTxDataFunc(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            TemplateGetTxData);
 
        AppLayerParserRegisterGetEventInfo(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            TemplateStateGetEventInfo);
        AppLayerParserRegisterGetEventInfoById(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            TemplateStateGetEventInfoById);
 
        /* Leave this is if your parser can handle gaps, otherwise
         * remove. */
        AppLayerParserRegisterOptionFlags(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
            APP_LAYER_PARSER_OPT_ACCEPT_GAPS);
    }
    else {
        SCLogDebug("Template protocol parsing disabled.");
    }
 
#ifdef UNITTESTS
    AppLayerParserRegisterProtocolUnittests(IPPROTO_TCP, ALPROTO_TEMPLATE,
        TemplateParserRegisterTests);
#endif
}
 
#ifdef UNITTESTS
#endif
 
void TemplateParserRegisterTests(void)
{
#ifdef UNITTESTS
#endif
}